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NutritionAnswer

HOW DO I FUEL A HARD INTERVAL SESSION?

By Anthony WalshRoadman CyclingUpdated

WHO THIS IS FOR

IS THIS YOU?

The rider whose intervals fall apart in the final reps

You start strong but cannot hold target power by the last two or three intervals, and you suspect fuelling rather than fitness.

The weight-conscious cyclist riding intervals fasted

You skip pre-session food to keep calories down and wonder why your hard sessions feel harder than they should.

THE ROADMAN VIEW

The Roadman view

Intervals are where fitness is built, and they are the worst possible place to be on empty. Anthony's own under-versus-optimal fuelling experiment made this concrete — when he ran the same sessions under-fuelled, the power numbers were worse and the sessions felt worse. The adaptation you are chasing comes from the quality of the work intervals, so half-fuelling them is sabotaging the very thing you got on the bike to do.

The mistake usually comes from a good intention gone wrong: trying to lose weight by riding hard sessions fasted. It backfires twice. You hit lower power, so the training stimulus shrinks, and you tend to overeat later because you are running on empty. Dr Sam Impey has made the case repeatedly — fuel for the work required means the hard work gets the fuel, and the deficit, if you want one, comes from the easy days instead.

Get the timing right and intervals transform. A carbohydrate-rich meal one to three hours before tops the tank, a small top-up just before sharpens the start, and 60g an hour during anything over about 75 minutes keeps the last reps as strong as the first. The good news is this is simple and repeatable — a bowl of oats and a banana beforehand, a gel or two during, and your hardest sessions land the way they are supposed to.

EXPERT EVIDENCE

WHAT THE EXPERTS SAY

  • Dr Sam ImpeyWorld Tour nutritionist

    High-intensity sessions are the priority for carbohydrate fuelling, not the place to restrict. Glycogen availability directly limits the power you can produce in intervals, and the quality of those efforts determines the adaptation. Riders should arrive at hard sessions with topped-up stores and fuel through longer ones, reserving any energy restriction for low-intensity days.

    Hear it: Why Pros' 120g Carb Rule Fails Amateurs | Roadman Cycling
  • Uri CarlsonRegistered dietitian nutritionist; fuelling specialist

    A controlled comparison of under-fuelled, optimally fuelled, and over-fuelled riding showed the under-fuelled sessions consistently produced the lowest power and felt the hardest. For interval work specifically, arriving and riding fuelled is the difference between hitting target watts on every rep and fading through the set.

    Hear it: Under vs Optimal vs Overfueling on the Bike | Roadman Cycling Podcast

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

DO THIS WEEK

  1. Top up carbs 1–3 hours before

    Eat 1–2g/kg of carbohydrate in the window before the session — for a 75kg rider, 75–150g. Oats and banana, toast and honey, or rice the night before plus a light pre-ride snack. Keep it low in fat and fibre so it sits easily before hard efforts.

  2. Add a fast carb just before the first interval

    A gel or a few chews 10–15 minutes before the work starts sharpens the opening efforts, especially for shorter morning sessions where you could not eat a full meal. It tops blood glucose without sitting heavy in the stomach.

  3. Fuel through sessions over 75 minutes at 60g/hr

    For longer interval blocks — over-unders, sweet spot sets, or VO2 work with a long warm-up and cool-down — take 60g of carbohydrate per hour as drink mix, gels, or chews. This keeps the final intervals as strong as the first rather than fading on fumes.

COMMON MISTAKES

WHAT CYCLISTS GET WRONG

  • MISTAKERiding hard intervals fasted to save calories.

    FIXUnder-fuelling lowers interval power and shrinks the adaptation. Fuel the hard session fully and take any deficit from easy days and off-bike meals.

  • MISTAKEEating nothing during long interval sessions.

    FIXAnything over 75 minutes needs 60g of carbs per hour. Without it, the last intervals collapse and the most valuable part of the session is lost.

  • MISTAKEEating a high-fat, high-fibre meal right before intervals.

    FIXHeavy, fatty, or fibrous food sits in the gut and causes discomfort at intensity. Choose low-fibre, low-fat carbs in the pre-session window.

FAQ

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Should I do intervals fasted to burn more fat?
No. Intervals are high-intensity work that runs on carbohydrate, not fat, so fasting them just lowers your power and the quality of the adaptation. Fat burning at low intensity does not help your interval session. Save any fasted work for short, easy rides and fuel the hard sessions fully.
What should I eat before an interval session?
A carbohydrate-rich, low-fat, low-fibre meal 1–3 hours before — oats and banana, toast and honey, or rice and a light protein source. For a 75kg rider, aim for 75–150g of carbs. If you are short on time, a banana and a gel 30 minutes out is enough to top up.
Do I need carbs during a one-hour interval session?
If you arrived well-fuelled, a single hour of intervals can be completed on stored glycogen alone. A gel partway through still helps maintain power and sharpens the back end. For anything beyond about 75 minutes total, in-ride carbohydrate at 60g per hour becomes worthwhile rather than optional.
Can I drink my carbs during intervals instead of eating?
Yes — a carbohydrate drink mix is often easier than solid food during hard efforts when breathing is heavy and chewing is awkward. A 60g-per-hour drink in your bottle covers both fuelling and some hydration. Many riders find liquid carbs sit better than gels or bars at high intensity.
What if I train intervals first thing in the morning?
You do not have time for a full meal to digest, so prioritise a fast, easy carbohydrate hit — a banana and a gel, a slice of toast with honey, or a small carbohydrate drink. Even 30–50g of quick carbs before an early session meaningfully improves the power you can hold compared with riding on an empty overnight tank.
Does under-fuelling intervals affect recovery too?
Yes. Riding intervals with low glycogen increases muscle protein breakdown and leaves you starting recovery from a deeper hole, which slows adaptation and can compromise the next day's session. Fuelling the work properly protects both the quality of the session and how well you bounce back from it.

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