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WHAT IS PERIODISATION IN CYCLING?

By Anthony WalshRoadman CyclingUpdated

WHO THIS IS FOR

IS THIS YOU?

The self-coached rider starting to plan

You've been riding without structure and want to understand the framework behind serious training plans.

The rider whose fitness peaks at the wrong time

You feel great in February and flat in June, and want to know how to flip that.

THE ROADMAN VIEW

The Roadman view

The word makes it sound complicated. It isn't. Periodisation is just the idea that you can't be at your best all year, so you deliberately choose when to be at your best and work backwards from there. Anthony has covered this with Joe Friel, Dan Lorang, and Dylan Johnson across multiple episodes, and the framework they all use is structurally the same: a long base phase to build the engine, a build phase to sharpen it, and a peak to express it.

The reason most amateurs never periodise is that they confuse consistency with sameness. Riding consistently is good. Riding the same way every month of the year — same zones, same sessions, same effort — is what prevents adaptation. The body responds to change, and periodisation is simply the organised version of providing that change.

You don't need a coaching software licence or a spreadsheet with twenty tabs. You need a target date, a rough plan backwards from it, and the discipline to do easy phases easy and hard phases hard. That's it.

EXPERT EVIDENCE

WHAT THE EXPERTS SAY

  • Joe FrielAuthor of The Cyclist's Training Bible; co-founder of TrainingPeaks

    Friel has argued for decades that the biggest gains available to amateur cyclists come from structuring the year rather than from any single session or training trick. The annual training plan — an A-event, phases working back from it, honest recovery built in — is the foundation everything else sits on.

    Hear it: Joe Friel's Cycling Training Plan Structure | Roadman Cycling
  • Dan LorangHead of Performance, Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe

    Lorang's work coaching Primož Roglič across a full Grand Tour season distils to the same principle: you cannot be at peak condition every week of the year, and attempting it guarantees you are never truly at your best. The amateur equivalent is picking two or three A-events and building everything around them.

    Hear it: Roglic's Coach Builds A Training Plan For Amateur Riders | Dan Lorang

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

DO THIS WEEK

  1. Pick one A-event and work backwards

    Find your most important event — a gran fondo, a sportive, a target climb — and place it on a calendar. Then block out three to four months before it as your build phase, and the months before that as base. You now have a periodised year.

  2. Assign a different focus to each phase

    Base = high volume, low intensity, mostly zone 2. Build = introduce threshold and VO2max blocks. Peak = sharpen and taper. Don't mix phases. Trying to do base and build simultaneously means doing neither properly.

  3. Schedule deload weeks every 3–4 weeks

    Within each phase, reduce volume by 30–40% every third or fourth week. Fitness is built during work; it's expressed during recovery. Planned deloads prevent accumulated fatigue from masking your gains.

COMMON MISTAKES

WHAT CYCLISTS GET WRONG

  • MISTAKETraining the same way in December as in May.

    FIXEach phase should feel different. December is base work, not mini-build. Let the year have seasons.

  • MISTAKESkipping the base phase because it feels too easy.

    FIXThe base is what allows high-intensity work to land later without injury or burnout. Skip it and your build phase crumbles.

  • MISTAKETreating every ride as an A-event and refusing to have down phases.

    FIXYou cannot be at peak fitness year-round. Plan your peak, protect your off-season, and let adaptation happen in the down months.

FAQ

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

Do amateurs really need to periodise?
Yes, especially those training 6+ hours a week. Without periodisation you spend most of the year in a moderate grey zone that accumulates fatigue without producing peak fitness at any point. Structured phases give your body a reason to adapt at specific times.
What is linear versus undulating periodisation?
Linear periodisation moves progressively from base to build to peak in distinct blocks over months. Undulating periodisation varies intensity week to week or even session to session. For most amateurs, linear periodisation across a season is simpler and more effective than daily undulating approaches.
How many A-events should I plan per year?
Two to three is the realistic maximum for most amateurs if you want genuine peaks. More than three and the peaks become meaningless — you're always either building toward one or recovering from another.
Can I periodise on 4 hours a week?
Yes, though the phases are shorter and the volume changes smaller. Even on limited time, having a base block followed by a focused build of 6–8 weeks produces better results than riding the same sessions all year.
What is the difference between periodisation and just having a training plan?
A plan can be any sequence of sessions. Periodisation is a specific philosophy within a plan — deliberately varying load, intensity, and focus across phases to drive progressive adaptation and peak at a target date. A periodised plan has phases with distinct purposes; a non-periodised plan just lists sessions.
Do pros periodise differently from amateurs?
The principles are the same. Pros have longer build periods, larger volume swings between phases, and more precise peaks around Grand Tour schedules. Amateurs compress the same phases into a more modest volume. The structure — base, build, peak, recovery — is universal.

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