Developed by Dr Andrew Coggan, NP uses a 30-second rolling average raised to the fourth power, then averaged and root-extracted. This weighting penalises surges and sprints more heavily because they cost disproportionate glycogen and create disproportionate fatigue. NP is more useful than average power for pacing events with variable terrain. A 5-hour sportive with 200W NP is harder than 200W average on a flat TT course.
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