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HOW DO I BUILD AN ANNUAL TRAINING PLAN?

By Anthony WalshRoadman CyclingUpdated

WHO THIS IS FOR

IS THIS YOU?

The self-coached rider planning a full season

You have events in mind and want a framework to organise the whole year around them.

The rider whose training drifts without a plan

You train consistently but with no overarching structure, and your fitness peaks at random times.

THE ROADMAN VIEW

The Roadman view

An annual training plan sounds like a coaching-software project — twenty tabs, every session mapped out to December. It isn't, and it shouldn't be. When Joe Friel talked about the annual training plan on the podcast, the version he described is closer to a one-page sketch: your A-events, the phases working back from them, and the rough hours each phase needs. That's the whole thing. The detail of which intervals on which Tuesday gets decided a few weeks out, not in January.

The reason the annual plan matters isn't precision — it's that it turns every daily decision into a framework decision. When you know February is base, you don't get sucked into a Zwift race on a cold Tuesday. When you know April is build, you know exactly why you're doing 2×20s. Without the plan, every session is a fresh negotiation with your motivation, and motivation loses more often than it wins.

Here's the part that trips people up: the plan is a skeleton, not a script. Life will disrupt it — a work trip, an illness, a bad week. A good annual plan absorbs that. You shift a phase by a week, you shorten the base if you started late, you protect the build and taper at the expense of base. The riders who fail aren't the ones who get disrupted — everyone gets disrupted. They're the ones who treat the plan as so rigid that the first missed week makes them abandon it entirely.

EXPERT EVIDENCE

WHAT THE EXPERTS SAY

  • Joe FrielAuthor of The Cyclist's Training Bible; co-founder of TrainingPeaks

    The annual training plan is the single most valuable planning tool a self-coached rider has. You don't fill in every session in advance — you lock in the A-events, the phase durations, and the recovery weeks, so that daily training decisions have a framework to sit inside rather than being made on impulse.

    Hear it: Joe Friel's Cycling Training Plan Structure | Roadman Cycling
  • Dan LorangHead of Performance, Red Bull–Bora–Hansgrohe

    Planning a season starts with the race calendar and works backwards, with each phase defined by the adaptation it needs to produce in sequence. Lorang's amateur translation is the same as the pro version with fewer events and more flexibility: pick the targets that matter, build the year around them, and protect the recovery.

    Hear it: Roglic's Coach Builds A Training Plan For Amateur Riders | Dan Lorang

PRACTICAL APPLICATION

DO THIS WEEK

  1. Pick one or two A-events and mark them on a calendar

    These are the events you genuinely want to be at your best for. Two is ideal for most amateurs; three is the realistic maximum. Everything else in the year becomes a B-event (useful training race) or a C-event (a ride you complete without tapering).

  2. Work backwards through the phases

    From each A-event, count back 2–3 weeks for the peak, 8–10 weeks for build, and 12–16 weeks for base. That gives you your base start date. Add a 2–4 week transition after your final event of the year. If the calendar is tight, shorten the base before the build or taper.

  3. Schedule deload weeks into every phase

    Within each phase, plan a recovery week every third or fourth week — a 30–40% volume drop. Put them in the calendar now. They're not optional rest; they're when the adaptation from the preceding weeks actually consolidates.

  4. Fill in weekly detail only a block ahead

    Don't script individual sessions for the whole year. Plan the current and next mesocycle in detail; leave the rest as phase headings. This keeps the plan responsive to how your body is actually adapting rather than locked to a guess made months ago.

COMMON MISTAKES

WHAT CYCLISTS GET WRONG

  • MISTAKEScripting every session for the entire year in advance.

    FIXPlan phases and dates for the year, but detailed sessions only a block or two ahead. Your body's response should shape the detail, not a guess from January.

  • MISTAKEChoosing four or five A-events and trying to peak for all of them.

    FIXPick one or two genuine A-events. Real peaks require tapering, and you can't taper repeatedly while still building fitness between events.

  • MISTAKEAbandoning the whole plan after one disrupted week.

    FIXAdjust within the phase — extend it by a week, shift the taper. A flexible plan absorbs disruption; it doesn't collapse the first time life intervenes.

FAQ

FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS

When should I start planning my year?
Build the annual plan in the off-season or early transition phase, before base training starts. For most riders targeting summer events, that means sketching the plan in autumn so the base phase can begin in late autumn or early winter on a clear structure.
Do I need software to build an annual training plan?
No. A calendar and a pen are enough for the skeleton — A-events, phase blocks, deload weeks. TrainingPeaks and similar tools help with tracking load once you're executing, but the framework decisions are yours. Don't confuse filling in an app with having a plan.
How many A-events should an annual plan have?
One or two for most amateurs, three at the absolute maximum. Each A-event needs its own build-to-peak run, and tapering more than two or three times a year leaves too little time to actually build fitness between events.
Can I build an annual plan around two events months apart?
Yes — this is the classic two-peak season. Run a full base-build-peak cycle into the first A-event, take a short recovery block, then run a shortened build-to-peak into the second. You don't repeat the full base for the second peak; you build on the fitness you already have.
What if I don't have a specific event to plan around?
Pick a target anyway — a date to hit a power number, a benchmark climb, a charity ride. Periodisation needs a focal point to work backwards from. Without one, you drift into year-round grey-zone riding that never produces a genuine peak.
How does an annual plan change if I have very limited time?
The phases get shorter and the volume swings smaller, but the structure holds. Even on 6–8 hours a week, a base block followed by a focused build into a target event beats riding the same sessions all year. The framework scales down — it doesn't stop applying.

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